Business Data Communications and Networking 7th Edition Test Bank - Chapter 01 (400 Level Course)
TRUE/FALSE
The following are possible True/False questions for tests. The statement is given and the answer, with text page reference, is provided in square brackets. The level of difficulty (easy, moderate, difficult) is also furnished.
1. According to John Chambers, CEO of Cisco (a leading networking technology company), the information age is the second Industrial Revolution. [True; p. 4]
Easy
2. Due to recent advances in high speed communication networks, the information lag, or the time it takes for information to be disseminated around the world, has been significantly shortened. [True; p. 4]
Easy
3. The first electronic data communication system was the telephone developed by Alexander Graham Bell. [False, it was the working telegraph system developed by Morse in 1837; p. 5]
Moderate
4. In the 1870’s, Alexander Graham Bell developed the concept for the first telephone. [True; p. 5]
Easy
5. Since 1910, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has had the authority to regulate interstate telephone business in the United States. [False, it was done by the Interstate Commerce Commission from 1910 until 1934, when the FCC took over that responsibility; p. 6]
Moderate
6. Until the development of dial telephones and long distance dialing without an operator, it was predicted that there would be a labor shortage for trained switchboard operators in the last half of the 20th century. [True; p. 6]
Easy
7. Due to the Carterfone decision in 1968, MCI could provide long distance service in the United States. [False, the Carterfone decision, which dealt with use of telephone/computer equipment that could be connected to AT&T’s phone network, was a completely different decision than the 1970 decision that permitted MCI to provide limited long distance service in the United States; p. 6]
Moderate
8. An Inter-Exchange Carrier (IXC) provides only local telephone services to homes and businesses. [False, IXC’s, such as MCI and AT&T, are long distance telephone service providers; p. 6]
Easy
9. Cellular telephone networks proliferated in the U.S. in the 1980s and 1990s. [True; p. 7]
Easy
10. Common carriers include the RBOCs, IXCs, and Cable TV companies. [True; p. 7]
Moderate
11. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 now permits the RBOCs to provide long distance outside the region in which they provide local telephone services. [True; p. 7]
Moderate
12. The lack of a sophisticated data communication system was one of the key factors in the bankruptcy of Macy’s in the early 1990s. [True; p. 9]
Easy
13. The Internet began in 1969 as a network of four computers called ARPANET. [True; p. 9-10]
Easy
14. The strict definition of telecommunications is the movement of voice, video, and data information from one point to another by means of electrical or optical transmission systems. [True; p. 11]
Easy
15. Although there are several ways to categorize networks, a common way is to look at the geographic scope of the network. [True; p. 12]
Easy
16. A local area network (LAN) connects other LANs and BNs located in different areas to each other and to wide area networks in a span from 3 to 30 miles. [False, LANs typically span a small area much less than 3 miles; p. 12-13]
Moderate
17. Most organizations build their own Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) by laying cable, building microwave towers, or sending up satellites. [False, most organizations do not build their own MANs; p. 13-15]
Moderate
18. One of the most important models for describing network layers is the Carterfone Systems Interconnection (CSI) Model. [False, it is the Open Systems Interconnection model; p. 16]
Easy
19. The application layer of the Internet five-layer network model is the physical connection between the sender and receiver. [False, that is the definition of the physical layer; p. 18-19]
Moderate
20. Data communication standards enable each layer in the sending computer to communicate with its corresponding layer in the receiving computer. [True; p. 21]
Moderate
21. Network standards permit customers to purchase hardware and software from different vendors, as long as the equipment meets the standards. [True; p. 22]
Moderate
22. In the formal standardization process, the identification of choices stage consists of defining the solution and getting recognized industry leaders to agree on a single, uniform solution. [False, that is the Acceptance stage; p. 23]
Moderate
23. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is based in Zurich, Switzerland. [False, it is located in Geneva; p. 23]
Moderate
24. Passive optical networking, a key trend for the future, means that virtually any computer will be able to communicate with any other computer in the world. [False, that is the definition of pervasive networking; p. 25]
Moderate
25. The high bandwidth requirements (high communications needs) for video have slowed its integration into computer networks. [True; p. 28]
Moderate
MULTIPLE CHOICE
The following are possible multiple-choice questions for tests. The question is posed and the answer is provided under the choices. The level of difficulty (easy, moderate, difficult) and the page number(s) relevant to the topic is also furnished.
1. Data communications and networking is considered a global area of study because:
a. new technologies and applications emerge from a variety of countries and spread around the world
b. the technologies enable global communication
c. the political and regulatory issues are exactly the same in every country
d. a and b
e. none of the above
Answer: d, Easy, p. 4
2. Collapsing the ___________ to Internet speeds means that people can communicate and access information anywhere in the world regardless of their physical location.
a. RBOC
b. IXC
c. information lag
d. pervasive networking
e. transport layer
Answer: c, Easy, p. 4
3. In 1970, the decision regarding MCI:
a. set up the Telecommunications Competition and Deregulation Act
b. permitted MCI to provide limited long distance service in the U.S.
c. permitted telephone and/or computer equipment that was not manufactured by Bell Telephone to be connected to AT&T’s network
d. divided AT&T into two parts: one part for long distance service, and a second part, comprised of seven operating companies, for local telephone service
e. set up deregulation for international telecommunications markets in 68 countries
Answer: b, Easy, p. 6
4. In 1968, the court decision regarding Carterfone:
a. set up the Telecommunications Competition and Deregulation Act
b. permitted MCI to provide limited long distance service in the U.S.
c. permitted telephone and/or computer equipment that was not manufactured by Bell Telephone to be connected to AT&T’s network
d. divided AT&T into two parts: one part for long distance service, and a second part, comprised of seven operating companies, for local telephone service
e. set up deregulation for international telecommunications markets in 68 countries
Answer: c, Easy, p. 6
5. In 1984, a federal judge broke up a highly contested telephone service monopoly and:
a. set up the Telecommunications Competition and Deregulation Act
b. permitted MCI to provide limited long distance service in the U.S.
c. permitted telephone and/or computer equipment that was not manufactured by Bell Telephone to be connected to AT&T’s network
d. divided AT&T into two parts: one part for long distance service, and a second part, comprised of seven regional operating companies, for local telephone service
e. set up deregulation for international telecommunications markets in 68 countries
Answer: d, Easy, p. 6
6. In 1996, the U.S. Congress replaced all current laws, FCC regulations, and the consent decree for AT&T. It:
a. set up the Telecommunications Competition and Deregulation Act
b. permitted MCI to provide limited long distance service in the U.S.
c. permitted telephone and/or computer equipment that was not manufactured by Bell Telephone to be connected to AT&T’s network
d. divided AT&T into two parts: one part for long distance service, and a second part, comprised of seven operating companies, for local telephone service
e. set up deregulation for international telecommunications markets in 68 countries
Answer: a, Easy, p. 7
7. Which of the following statements about the U.S. telephone marketplace is not true, as of the Telecommunications Act of 1996?
a. Quickly, the local telephone industry in the U.S. went from a highly regulated monopoly to open competition.
b. RBOCs may not provide long distance service outside the region in which they provide local telephone services.
c. The common carriers may provide local services to customers.
d. RBOCs can provide long distance services inside their region if at least one viable competitor for local telephone services exists.
e. The Telecommunications Act replaced the 1984 consent decree under which AT&T was broken up.
Answer: b, Moderate, p. 7
8. Which of the following will not increase international competition in telecommunications?
a. 68 countries signed an international agreement in 1997 to deregulate (or lessen regulation) in their telecommunications markets so that foreign firms could compete in their internal telephone markets.
b. Major U.S. companies now offer telephone services in many countries in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia.
c. Overseas telecommunications companies, such as British Telecom) are beginning to enter the U.S. market.
d. All of the above
e. None of the above is an appropriate answer
Answer: e, Moderate, p. 7-8
9. Modern (1990s and beyond) data communication networks are characterized by:
a. decks of punch cards
b. online terminals for batch processing
c. isolated (stand-alone) microcomputers
d. batch I/O devices
e. distributed systems that rely heavily on networking
Answer: e, Moderate, p. 8
10. The general format of an Internet address is:
a. computer.domain
b. domain.computer
c. computer.terminal
d. computer.NIC
e. computer.IP
Answer: a, Easy, p. 11
11. Which of the following is not a basic hardware component for a data communication network?
a. a server
b. a client computer or terminal
c. a circuit
d. a gigapop
e. a host computer
Answer: d, Moderate, p. 12
12. A server computer:
a. is the pathway through which messages travel
b. is a special device that connects two or more networks
c. is the input/output device at one end of a communication circuit
d. is a computer that stores data or software that can be accessed by client computers
e. is always a mainframe computer
Answer: d, Moderate, p. 12
13. A client:
a. is the pathway through which messages travel
b. is a special device that connects two or more networks
c. is typically copper wire
d. stores data and software that can be used by computers on the network
e. is the input/output hardware device at the user’s end of a communications circuit
Answer: e, Easy, p. 12
14. The circuit:
a. is the pathway through which messages travel
b. is also called a host
c. is the input/output device at the user’s end of a communication circuit
d. is a computer that stores data or software that can be accessed by client computers
e. is also called a terminal
Answer: a, Easy, p. 12
15. A local area network is:
a. a large central network that connects other networks in a distance spanning exactly 5 miles.
b. a group of microcomputers or terminals located in the same general area and connected by a common cable (communication circuit) so they can exchange information.
c. a network spanning a geographical area that usually encompasses a city or county area (3 to 30 miles).
d. a network spanning a large geographical area (up to 1000s of miles).
e. a network spanning exactly 10 miles with common carrier circuits.
Answer: b, Easy, p. 12-15
16. A backbone network is:
a. a high speed central network that connects other networks in a distance spanning up to several miles.
b. a group of microcomputers or terminals located in the same general area and connected by a common cable (communication circuit) so they can exchange information.
c. a network spanning a geographical area that usually encompasses a city or county area (3 to 30 miles).
d. a network spanning a large geographical area (up to 1000s of miles).
e. a network spanning exactly 200 miles with common carrier circuits.
Answer: a, Moderate, p. 12-15
17. A metropolitan area network is:
a. a high speed central network, built with privately owned media, which connects other networks in a distance spanning up to several miles.
b. a group of microcomputers or terminals located in the same general area and connected by a common cable (communication circuit) so they can exchange information.
c. a network that spans a geographical area that usually encompasses a city or county area (3 to 30 miles) and that typically uses common carrier circuits.
d. a network spanning a large geographical area (up to 1000s of miles).
e. a network spanning exactly 543.56 miles with private media.
Answer: c, Easy, p. 12-15
18. A wide area network is:
a. A high speed central network, built with privately owned media, which connects other networks in a distance spanning up to several miles.
b. A group of microcomputers or terminals located in the same general area and connected by a common cable (communication circuit) so they can exchange information.
c. A network spanning a geographical area that usually encompasses a city or county area (3 to 30 miles).
d. A network that typically uses common carrier circuits and spans a large geographical area (up to 1000s of miles).
e. A network spanning exactly 1.2 meters with private media.
Answer: d, Easy, p. 12-15
19. A(n) _________ is a LAN that uses the same technologies as the Internet but is open to only those inside the organization.
a. WAN
b. BN
c. extranet
d. intranet
e. MAN
Answer: d, Easy, p. 15
20. A(n) _________ is a LAN that uses the same technologies as the Internet but is provided to invited users outside the organization who access it over the Internet.
a. WAN
b. BN
c. extranet
d. intranet
e. MAN
Answer: c, Easy, p. 15
21. The Open Systems Interconnection Reference model developed by ISO has ____ layers.
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 7
e. 8
Answer: d, Easy, p.16
22. The _________ layer of the OSI model is responsible for initiating, maintaining, and terminating each logical dialogue between end users.
a. physical
b. data link
c. network
d. transport
e. session
Answer: e, Moderate, p. 17
23. ___________ is a graceful close to a dialogue between end users.
a. Session termination
b. Physical bits
c. Frame overhead
d. Packet encapsulation
e. Message encryption
Answer: a, Difficult, p. 17
24. The _________ layer accommodates different interfaces on different terminals so the application program need not worry about them.
a. presentation
b. data link
c. application
d. transport
e. session
Answer: a, Moderate, p. 17
25. The _________ layer performs error checking which is redundant with the function of the _________ layer.
a. application, presentation
b. physical, data link
c. transport, data link
d. presentation, transport
e. network, physical
Answer: c, Moderate, p. 16-17
26. The Internet model that is used throughout this textbook has ____ layers.
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 7
e. 8
Answer: c, Easy, p.18
27. The software used by the network user is located in the:
a. data communication layer
b. resident layer
c. application layer
d. network layer
e. physical layer
Answer: c, Easy, p. 19
28. Which of the following is a function of the physical layer?
a. detecting any transmission errors
b. translating the destination of the message into an address understood by the network
c. deciding which route the message should take
d. breaking long messages into several smaller messages
e. specifying the type of connection and the electrical signals, radio waves, or light pulses that pass through it
Answer: e, Moderate, p. 18
29. The _________ layer is responsible for end-to-end transfer of messages from the sender to the final destination.
a. data communication layer
b. resident layer
c. application layer
d. network layer
e. physical layer
Answer: d, Easy, p. 18
30. Which of the following is a type of signal that is sent through a circuit in the physical layer?
a. smoke
b. geo-thermal
c. light
d. seismic
e. body language
Answer: c, Easy, p. 18
31. Which of the following is not a function of the data link layer?
a. deciding when to transmit messages over the media
b. formatting the message by indicating where messages start and end, and which part is the address
c. detecting and correcting any errors that have occurred in the transmission of the message
d. specifying the type of connection, and the electrical signals, radio waves, or light pulses that pass through it
e. controlling the physical layer by determining when to transmit
Answer: d, Moderate, p. 18
32. Which of the following is a function dof the transport layer?
a. linking the physical layer to the network layer
b. formatting messages by indicating where they start and end
c. deciding which route the message should take
d. breaking long messages into several smaller messages
e. specifying the type of connection and the electrical signals, radio waves, or light pulses that pass through it
Answer: d, Moderate, p. 19
33. Which of the following is a term used to group together the physical and data link layers?
a. Internetwork layers
b. Hardware layers
c. Software layers
d. Middleware layers
e. Application layers
Answer: b, Moderate, p. 19
34. Which of the following is a term used to group together the transport and network layers?
a. Internetwork layers
b. Hardware layers
c. Software layers
d. Middleware layers
e. Application layers
Answer: a, Moderate, p. 19
35. A ___________ is a set of rules that define what a particular layer will do and provides a clearly defined set of messages that software at that layer needs to understand.
a. middleware
b. file server
c. protocol
d. host
e. monopoly
Answer: c, Easy, p. 19
36. The primary reason for networking standards is to:
a. simplify cost accounting for networks
b. ensure that hardware and software produced by different vendors can work together
c. make it more difficult to develop hardware and software that link different networks
d. ensure that all network components of a particular network can be provided by only one vendor
e. lock customers into buying network components from one vendor
Answer: b, Easy, p. 22
37. Which of the following is not true about formal standards?
a. They are always developed before de facto standards.
b. One example exists for network layer software (IP).
c. They can be developed by an official industry body.
d. They can take several years to develop.
e. They can be developed by a government body.
Answer: a, Moderate, p. 22-23
38. Which of the following is not true about de facto standards?
a. They never evolve into formal standards.
b. They are those that standards that emerge in the marketplace.
c. They tend not to be developed by an official industry or government body.
d. They are generally supported by more than one vendor but de facto standards have no official standing.
e. They tend to emerge based upon the needs/response of the marketplace.
Answer: a, Moderate, p. 22-23
39. Which of the following is a stage of the formal standardization process?
a. post-implementation review
b. analysis
c. specification
d. implementation
e. testing
Answer: c, Moderate, p. 23
40. Which of the following is not true about ISO:
a. It makes technical recommendations about data communications interfaces
b. Its acronym comes from the Greek word isos, meaning “equal”
c. It is based in Geneva, Switzerland
d. It is one of the most important standards-making bodies
e. It was formerly called the International Telecommunications Union
Answer: e, Moderate, p. 23
41.Which of the following is not true about ITU-T:
a.It is the technical standards-setting organization of the United Nations International Telecommunications Union
b.It is the International Telecommunications Union – Telecommunications Group
c.Its membership is limited to U.S. telephone companies
d.It is based in Geneva, Switzerland
e.Its membership is comprised of representatives from over 200 member countries
Answer: c, Moderate, p. 23
42.Which of the following is a member of ITU-T?
a.Toys ‘R Us
b.the U.S. Supreme Court
c.RBOCs
d.Next Day Air Service
e.Reebok
Answer: c, Easy, p. 23
43.The American National Standards Institute:
a.is the coordinating organization for the United States’ national system of standards
b.is a professional society in the U.S. whose standards committees focus on local area network standards
c.sets the standards that govern how much of the Internet will operate
d.is an agency that develops federal information processing standards for the federal government
e.makes technical recommendations about global telephone rates
Answer: a, Moderate, p. 23
44.Which of the following is not an important future trend in communication and networking?
a.development of online batch systems
b.integration of voice, video, and data
c.pervasive networking
d.provision of new information services on rapidly expanding networks
e.development of extremely high speed broadband networks
Answer: a, Moderate, p. 25-29
45.Pervasive networking means that:
a.the five-layer network model will be used to design all networks
b.all networks of the future will be developed by a monopolistic organization
c.the cost of computers will be higher in the future
d.virtually all computers will be networked in some way to other computers and be able to transmit data at staggeringly fast rates
e.cable companies will offer more than 150 network selections for viewers
Answer: d, Moderate, p. 25-26
46. The term ______________ refers to high speed communication circuits such as DSL.
a. protocol stack
b. regional bell operating company
c. monopoly
d. broadband communications
e. print server
Answer: d, Easy, p. 27
47. The integration of voice, video, and data communications is also known as __________.
a. convergence
b. peer-to-peer networks
c. metropolitan wide networks
d. regional bell operating company
e. intranet
Answer: a, Easy, p. 27
48. A(n) _________ develops a specific system and companies purchase the service without ever installing the system on their own computers.
a. file server
b. regional bell operating system
c. open systems interconnection reference model
d. application service provider
e. inter-exchange carrier
Answer: d, Easy, p. 28
49. A(n) _____________ is a company that provides a wide range of standardized information services, in the same manner that electric companies provide electricity.
a. file server
b. host
c. information utility
d. RBOC
e. IXC
Answer: c, Easy, p. 29
50. __________ ensure that hardware and software produced by different vendors work together.
a. Delimiters
b. Standards
c. ASPs
d. RBOCs
e. Intranets
Answer: b, Easy, 30
Short Answer Questions
1.Compare and contrast LANs, BNs, and WANs.
Answer: A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of microcomputers or terminals located in the same general area. A Backbone Network (BN) is a large central network that connects most everything on a single company site. A Wide Area Network (WAN) spans cities, states, or national boundaries.
2.What is a circuit?
Answer: A circuit is the pathway through which messages on a network travel. It is typically copper wire, although fiber optic cable and wireless transmissions are becoming more common.
3.What is a client?
Answer: A client is the input/output device at the user’s end of a communication circuit. It typically provides users with access to the network and the data and software on the server.
4.What is a host or server?
Answer: A server (or host computer) stores data or software that can be accessed by the clients.
5.Why are network layers important?
Answer: Each network can use different network hardware and software to provide the functions that all networks must handle. All of the hardware/software products must work together to successfully transmit a message.
One way to accomplish this is to break the entire set of communications functions into a series of layers, each of which can be defined separately. The software or hardware can work in any manner and can be easily updated and improved, as long as the interface between that layer and the ones around it remain unchanged. Each piece of hardware and software can then work together in the overall network.
6.What is the purpose of a data communication standard?
Answer: The primary reason for standards is to ensure that hardware and software produced by different vendors can work together. Standards also mean that customers are not locked into one vendor. They can buy hardware and software from any vendor whose equipment meets the standard. In this way, standards help to promote more competition and hold down prices.
The use of standards makes it much easier to develop software and hardware that link different networks because software and hardware can be developed one layer at a time.
7.Why has the Internet model replaced the OSI model?
Answer: While the OSI model is the most talked about network model, the one that dominates current hardware and software is a simpler five-layer Internet model. Unlike the OSI model that was developed by formal committees, the Internet model evolved from the work of thousands of people who developed pieces of the Internet. The two models have very much in common since the Internet model collapses the top three OSI layers into one layer.
8.Explain what each layer does in transmitting messages from one computer to another.
Answer: The application layer is the application software used by the network user. The transport layer breaks long messages into several smaller messages to make them easier to transmit. The network layer takes the smaller messages generated by the transport layer. It then addresses the message(s) and determines their route through the network, and records message accounting information before passing it to the data link layer. The data link layer formats the message to indicate where it starts and ends, decides when to transmit it over the physical media, and detects and corrects any errors that occur in transmission. The physical layer is the physical connection between the sender and receiver, including the hardware devices (e.g., computers, terminals, and modems) and physical media (e.g., cables, and satellites).
9.How does the use of layers and standards simplify the development and management of networks?
Answer: The use of standards makes it much easier to develop software and hardware that link different networks because software and hardware can be developed one layer at a time. The software or hardware defined by the standard at one network layer can be easily updated, as long as the interface between that layer and the ones around it remains unchanged.
10.Describe the three stages of standardization.
Answer: The first stage, specification consists of developing a nomenclature and identifying problem to be addresses. In the identification of choices state, those working on the standard identify the various solutions and choose the optimum solution from among the alternative. The third stage is acceptance, which consists of defining the solution and getting recognized industry leaders to agree on a single, uniform solution.
11.Thought question: How will pervasive networking affect the way in which you will learn about new technologies after you graduate?
Pervasive networking means that virtually any computer will be able to communicate with any other computer in the world. In the future, communication networks will be everywhere. This is due to both technological advances, and increasing competition driving down costs. Virtually all computers will be networked to other computers. Therefore, learning about new technologies may be as easy as using your computer. You can get information about technologies by pulling for the information or allowing the information to be pushed to you. Searching on the various networked computers may give you the information that you are looking for, and information from the other computers can be sent to you. Also, you can learn using the networked computers by discussing with other people all over the world. New information services will be available via email and discussion groups.
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