Business Data Communications and Networking 7th Edition Test Bank - Chapter 02

Business Data Communications and Networking 7th Edition Test Bank - Chapter 02(400 Level Course)

TRUE/FALSE

The following are possible True/False questions for tests. The statement is given and the answer is provided in square brackets. The level of difficulty (easy, moderate, difficult) and the page number(s) relevant to the topic are also furnished.

1. An application architecture is the way in which the functions of the application layer are performed solely by the clients in the network. [False, the functions are generally spread among the clients and servers; p. 41]
Moderate

2. One function done by any application program is application logic. [True; p. 42]
Easy

3. Data access logic refers to the processing required to access data. [True; p. 42]
Easy

4. In host-based networks, the client computers perform most of the work. [False, the hosts perform most of the work; p. 42]
Easy

5. The earliest data communications networks were client-server networks. [False, they were host-based (usually mainframe) systems; p. 42]
Easy

6. In a client-based architecture, the main function of the server is to store the data. [True; p. 43]
Moderate

7. Because both clients and servers perform some of the logic of an application, client-server architectures try to balance the processing between the clients and the servers. [True; p. 43]
Easy

8. One major drawback to a client-server network lies in the fact that client-server networks enable software and hardware from different vendors to be used together. [False, this is a strength; p. 44]
Moderate

9. The two functions of middleware are to: 1) provide a standard way of communicating that can translate between software from different vendors, and 2) manage the message transfer between clients and servers so that clients do not need to ‘know’ which server contains the application’s data. [True; p. 44]
Moderate

10. A “thin client” approach places most of the application logic on the client. [False, little or no application is placed on the client; p. 47]
Easy

11. The application architecture called the distributed computing model uses the “fat” (or “thick”) client approach. [False, it uses the thin client architecture; p. 47]
Moderate

12. The term, scaleable, with respect to client-server architecture, refers to the fact that it is easy to increase or decrease the storage and processing capabilities of the servers. [True; p. 48]
Easy

13. The World Wide Web was conceived at CERN laboratories in Geneva. [True; p. 49]
Easy

14. To use the Web, each client computer requires a data link layer software package called a Web browser. [False, these are application layer packages; p. 49]
Moderate

15. A request header for an HTTP request starts with a command, such as GET, and ends with the HTTP version number that the browser understands. [False, this is done by the request line part of the HTTP request; p. 50-51]
Moderate

16. Email is extremely effective for organizations that have people working in different time zones. [True; p. 54]
Easy

17. The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the least commonly used e-mail standard. [False, it is the most commonly used e-mail standard; p. 54]
Easy

18. Using the POP standard for client to server e-mail communication, the e-mail messages remain on the server computer. [False, this describes the benefits of the IMAP standard; p. 56]
Moderate

19. The body of an SMTP packet includes the word DATA and the message. [True; p. 58]
Easy

20. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) permits users to send and receive files over the Internet. [True; p. 61]
Easy
MULTIPLE CHOICE

The following are possible multiple-choice questions for tests. The question is posed and the answer is provided under the choices. The level of difficulty (easy, moderate, difficult) and the page number(s) relevant to the topic are also furnished.

1. A(n) __________ is the way in which the functions of the application layer software are spread among the clients and servers in the network.
a. anonymous FTP
b. data access logic
c. fat client
d. application architecture
e. response status architecture
Answer: d, Easy, p. 40-41

2. A ________ is a very large general-purpose computer that is capable of performing very many simultaneous functions and storing huge amounts of data.
a. workstation
b. transaction terminal
c. cluster
d. mainframe
e. microcomputer
Answer: d, Easy, p. 41

3. A ________ is a large general-purpose computer that is capable of performing many simultaneous functions and storing large amounts of data.
a. workstation
b. transaction terminal
c. mini-computer
d. network computer
e. transaction terminal
Answer: c, Easy, p. 41

4. A _____________ is the type of computer you use in your home and is the most common type of client today.
a. microcomputer
b. mainframe
c. mini-computer
d. cluster
e. transaction terminal
Answer: a, Easy, p. 41

5. A ________ is a group of computers linked together so that they act as one computer.
a. mini-computer
b. mainframe
c. network computer
d. cluster
e. transaction terminal
Answer: d, Easy, p. 41

6. A ________ is a device with a monitor and keyboard, but no CPU.
a. mini-computer
b. terminal
c. workstation
d. cluster
e. mainframe
Answer: b, Easy, p. 41

7. A ________ is a more powerful microcomputer designed for use in technical applications such as computer-assisted design.
a. mainframe
b. cluster
c. network computer
d. workstation
e. terminal
Answer: d, Easy, p. 41

8. A ______ is designed primarily to communicate using Internet-based standards but has no hard disk.
a. mainframe
b. network computer
c. mini-computer
d. cluster
e. transaction terminal
Answer: b, Easy, p. 41

9. A ____________ is designed to support a specific type of business transactions. One example is an ATM machine used by banks.
a. transaction terminal
b. mainframe
c. cluster
d. microcomputer
e. workstation
Answer: a, Easy, p. 41

10. Which of the following is not a fundamental network architecture?
a. client-based network
b. client-server network
c. host-based network
d. all of the above are fundamental network architectures
e. none of the above
Answer: d, Easy, p. 42

11. Which of the following is not a general function by any application program?
a. data storage
b. data access logic
c. application logic
d. presentation logic
e. application access storage
Answer: e, Moderate, p. 41-42

12. _________ is an application program function that deals with storing and retrieving data.
a. data storage
b. data access logic
c. application logic
d. presentation logic
e. application access storage
Answer: a, Easy, p. 41

13. An application program function is __________, or the processing required to access data.
a. data storage
b. data access logic
c. application logic
d. presentation logic
e. application access storage
Answer: b, Easy, p. 41-42

14. ______________, or the algorithms or business rules programmed into the application, can be simple or complex depending on the application.
a. data storage
b. data access logic
c. application logic
d. presentation logic
e. application access storage
Answer: c, Easy, p. 42

15. ________ is the presentation of information to the user and the acceptance of the user’s commands.
a. data storage
b. data access logic
c. application logic
d. presentation logic
e. application access storage
Answer: d, Easy, p. 42

16. One underlying problem with a host-based network is that:
a. there are economies of scale because all computer resources are centralized
b. the server can get overloaded since it must process all messages
c. the architecture is relatively simple and works well
d. the server is the one point of control which simplifies security
e. clients (terminals) do not require sophisticated hardware/software because they do not perform most of the work in this type of architecture
Answer: b, Moderate, p. 42

17. Because many large organizations had application development backlogs of two to three years, many managers developed their own __________ -based applications in a few months.
a. mainframe
b. mini-computer
c. microcomputer
d. dumb terminal
e. cluster
Answer: c, Easy, p. 43

18. With a client-based network, one fundamental problem is that:
a. the clients each must store all the data
b. the server does not have any data storage capability
c. the host or server must perform presentation logic, application logic, and data access logic at the same time
d. all data on the server must travel to the client for processing
e. the clients must perform the data storage logic
Answer: d, Moderate, p. 43

19. The application logic may reside ___________ in a client-server architecture. Pick the best answer.
a. in the middleware
b. on the client, the server, or split between both
c. only the client
d. only the host
e. only the server
Answer: b, Moderate, p. 44

20. Client-server architectures:
a. cannot connect computers that use different hardware
b. are one of the least used network architectures today
c. can use middleware to provide a standard way of communicating between software from more than one vendor
d. assign the responsibility for the presentation logic to the server
e. were the earliest type of network architectures
Answer: c, Moderate, p. 43-44

21. In a client-server network split up the application architecture functions of data access logic, data storage, and presentation logic:
a. the presentation logic and data storage are on the client, while the data access logic is on the server
b. the data storage, data access, and presentation logic are on the client
c. the presentation logic is on the client, while the data storage and data access logic are on the server
d. the data storage and data access logic are on the client, while the presentation logic are on the server
e. the presentation logic and data access logic are on the client, and the data storage is on the server
Answer: c, Moderate, p. 43-44

22. In a client-server network, _________ gets software from different vendors to work together.
a. a front-end processor
b. VSAT
c. middleware
d. a multiplexer
e. a radiated signal
Answer: c, Easy, p. 44

23. ____________ is not an important middleware standard.
a. CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture
b. Distributed Computed Environment (DCE)
c. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
d. Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
e. none of the above is an appropriate answer
Answer: c, Moderate, p. 45

24. A(n) _________-tiered architecture uses only two sets of computers: one set of clients and one set of servers.
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. five
e. n
Answer: b, Easy, p. 45

25. An N-tiered architecture:
a. is generally more “scalable” than a three-tiered architecture
b. is generally less “scalable” than a three-tiered architecture
c. uses only two sets of computers in which the clients are responsible for the application and presentation logic, and the servers are responsible for the data
d. uses exactly three sets of computers in which the client is responsible for presentation, one set of servers is responsible for data access logic and data storage, and application logic is spread across two or more different sets of servers
e. puts less load on a network than a two-tiered architecture because there tends to be less communication among the servers
Answer: a, Moderate, p. 46

26. A “thin client” architecture approach:
a. always is a two-tier network architecture
b. always is an n-tiered architecture
c. places all or almost all of the application logic on the client
d. places all or almost all of the application logic on the server
e. refers to the size of the cable connecting the clients to the network
Answer: d, Moderate, p. 47

27. With respect to costs for a client-server network, which of the following is true?
a. Personal computers used as clients in a client-server network cost about the same as mainframes for the same amount of computing power.
b. More network capacity, which costs more money, is required for client-server networks than for client-based networks.
c. Experts believe it costs two to three times more to develop and maintain application software for “fat” client-server architectures than it does for server-based architectures.
d. Updating the network with new version of software tends to be less expensive in a client-server network since the software is centralized in one client.
e. None of the above
Answer: c, Moderate, p. 48-49

28. The idea for a special hypertext network, called the World Wide Web, was conceived of by:
a. Microsoft in 1994 as part of the Windows 95 project
b. Tim Berners-Lee at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) in 1990
c. Vinton Cerf, for the U.S. Department of Defense in 1969 as a network of four computers called ARPANET
d. Howard Flieshman of IBM in 1982 as part of the development of the IBM PC
e. the University of Minnesota as an extension of Gopher
Answer: b, Easy, p. 49

29. Marc Andreessen led a team that developed the first graphical Web browser, which was called:
a. Explorer
b. Mosaic
c. Navigator
d. Netscape
e. Gopher
Answer: b, Easy, p. 49

30. The Web is a good example of a(n) _____ -tier client-server architecture:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. n
Answer: b, Easy, p. 49

31. To interact with the World Wide Web, a client computer needs an application layer software package called a:
a. Web browser
b. Web server
c. Telnet package
d. Uniform Resource Locator package
e. Router package
Answer: a, Easy, p. 49

32. To get a page from the Web, a user must type in a URL, which stands for:
a. Unknown Resource Locator
b. Unknown Router Location
c. Uniform Router Location
d. Uniform Resource Locator
e. Uniform Resource Library
Answer: d, Easy, p. 49

33. There are optional and required parts of an HTTP request. They are:
a. request address, request body
b. request address, request header, request body
c. request line, request header
d. request line, request body
e. request line, request header, request body
Answer: e, Moderate, p. 50-51

34. There are required and optional parts of an HTTP response. They are:
a. response status, response header, response body
b. response address, response header, response body
c. response status, response body
d. response address, response header
e. response status, response header
Answer: a, Moderate, p. 51

35. The acronym, HTML, refers to:
a. Header Markup Language
b. Hypertext Markup Locator
c. Hypertext Markup Language
d. Hypertext Markup Library
e. Hypertext Modulating Language
Answer: c, Easy, p. 52

36. Which of the following statements about HTML is correct?
a. Although HTML is covered by standards developed by the IETF, the standards keep changing with new releases of popular browsers. .
b. HTML is fairly easy to learn.
c. HTML was developed by CERN.
d. You can develop your own Web page using HTML.
e. all of the above
Answer: e, Moderate, p. 52-53

37. Which of the following is not an advantage of e-mail?
a. It usually takes days for an e-mail message to be delivered to the recipient.
b. It is very effective for multi-national organizations whose employees work across different time zones.
c. It is cheaper than regular mail.
d. It is generally faster than snail-mail.
e. It helps people avoid telephone tag.
Answer: a, Easy, p. 53-54

39. Which of the following is a commonly used e-mail standard?
a. ISDN
b. X.25
c. ADSL
d. SMTP
e. ATM
Answer: d, Moderate, p. 54

40. The acronym, SMTP, stands for:
a. Standard Mail Transport Protocol
b. Simple Mail Transport Package
c. Simple Mux Transfer Protocol
d. Standard Mail Transport Package
e. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Answer: e, Easy, p. 54

41. In a two-tier client-server architecture, a client computer needs to use an application layer software package called a ________________ to send e-mail:
a. message transfer agent
b. router agent
c. user agent
d. Webcast package
e. gateway agent
Answer: c, Moderate, p. 55

42. Which of the following is not a user agent package?
a. Outlook
b. Microsoft Word
c. Eudora
d. Netscape Messenger
e. All of the above
Answer: b, Easy, p. 55

43. Another term for a user agent is:
a. message transfer agent
b. router agent
c. e-mail client
d. Webcast package
e. CA*net agent
Answer: c, Easy, p. 55

44. IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol):
a. is a set of standards that define how email is to be processed between mail servers
b. is exactly the same as SMTP
c. copies an e-mail message from the client computer’s hard disk, deletes it from the client, and stores it on the mail server
d. is exactly the same as POP
e. permits an e-mail message to remain stored on the mail server even after they have been read by a client computer
Answer: e, Moderate, p. 56

45. A general format for a listserv processor address is:
a. listserv@computer.domain
b. ##listserv
c. http://pagename/network.site
d. category.topic.topic
e. page:network.server
Answer: a, Easy, p. 59

46. A _____________ , a mailing list of users who discuss some topic, has two parts: a processor and a mailer.
a. listserv
b. Gopher
c. TELNET
d. ADSL
e. FTP
Answer: a, Moderate, p. 59

47. To send a message to every user on a listserv, type in:
a. UNSUBSCRIBE listserv-mailer your-name
b. LIST
c. HELP
d. The mailer address name of the listserv as the address for your e-mail message
e. The processor address of the listserv as the address for your e-mail message
Answer: d, Moderate, p. 59

48. Which of the following is not true about File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?
a. WS-FTP is a software package that uses the FTP standard.
b. There are two types of FTP sites: closed and anonymous.
c. The most common type of FTP site is a closed FTP site.
d. FTP requires an application layer program on the client as well as an FTP server application program on a server.
e. FTP enables a user to send and receive files over the Internet.
Answer: c, Moderate, p. 61

49. One major problem with using FTP is:
a. there is always a substantial charge for any worthwhile files you want to transfer
b. using the FTP keyboard
c. the files are often in capital letters only
d. the files are often in small font only
e. the files you want to transfer are often in compressed form for which you don’t have the right decompression program
Answer: e, Moderate, p. 61

50. Which of the following is not true about Telnet?
a. Telnet requires an application layer program on the client computer and an application layer program on the server or host computer.
b. Telnet poses no security threat.
c. Telnet was designed in the early days of the Internet.
d. You are using a host-based architecture with Telnet.
e. One program that conforms to the Telnet standard is EWAN.
Answer: b, Moderate, p. 61

Short Answer Questions

1. What is middleware and what does it do?
Answer: Middleware sits between the application software on the client and the application software on the server. The two functions of middleware are to: 1) provide a standard way of communicating that can translate between software from different vendors, and 2) manage the message transfer between clients and servers so that clients do not need to “know” which server contains the application’s data.
2. How does a thin client differ from a fat client?
Answer: “thin client” architecture has little or no application logic on the client. A “fat client” approach places all or almost all of the application logic on the client. Thin clients are easier to manage. If an application changes, only the server with the application logic needs to be updated. Thin client architectures are the wave of the future. More and more application systems are being written to use a Web browser as the client software, with Java applets (with some application logic) downloaded as needed.
3. For what is HTTP used?
Answer: HTTP is the standard protocol for communication between a Web browser and a Web server.
4. How is e-mail useful?
Answer: E-mail has several advantages over regular mail. 1) It is fast. 2) It costs virtually nothing to transmit a message over a network. 3) It can help people avoid telephone tag.
5. What are X.400 and CMC?
Answer: These are commonly used e-mail standards. They are not the same as SMTP, but they work in a similar way.
6. Explain two major benefits and/or limitations of client-server networks compared to host-based networks.
Answer: Client-server networks can be cheaper to install and often better balance the network loads, but are far more complex and costly to develop and manage.

7. How does a 2-tier client server network differ from an n-tier client server network?
Answer: In a 2-tiered architecture, the server is responsible for the data and the client handles the application and presentation. An N-tiered architecture uses more than three sets of computers. In this case, the client is responsible for presentation, a database server(s) is responsible for the data access logic and data storage, and the application logic is spread across two or more different sets of servers.

8. Describe one advantage and one disadvantage that a 3-tier architecture has compared to a 2-tier architecture.
Answer: The primary advantage of an 3-tiered client-server architecture compared to a 2-tiered architecture is that it separates out the processing that occurs to better balance the load on the different servers; it is more “scaleable.” One disadvantage to a 3-tiered architecture compared to a 2-tiered architecture is that it is much more difficult to program and test software in 3-tier architectures than 2-tiered architectures because more devices have to communicate to complete a user’s transaction.

9. What are the three major parts of an HTTP request and what information does each part contain?
Answer: An HTTP request from a Web browser to a Web server has three parts. Only the first part is required; the other two are optional.
• The request line, which starts with a command (e.g., GET), provides the URL, and ends with the HTTP version number that the browser understands.
• The request header, which contains a variety of optional information such as the Web browser being used (e.g., Internet Explorer), the date, and a user id and password for use if the Web page is password-protected.
• The request body, which contains information sent to the server, such as information from a form.

10. Why does HTTP include a version number as part of the packet?

Answer: HTTP includes a version number as part of the packet so that the Web browser can display the response in the way that the browser understands. Not all browsers display HTML the same way, so what looks good with one browser may not with another.

11. What do a user agent and message transfer agent do in an SMTP/IMAP email system? Describe how they work together to send an email message.

Answer: The sender of an email uses a user agent (an application layer software package) to write the email message. The user agent sends the message to a mail server that runs a special application layer software package called a message transfer agent. These agents read the envelope and then send the message through the network (possibly through dozens of mail transfer agents) until the message arrives at the receiver’s mail server. The mail transfer agent on this server then stores the message in the receiver’s mailbox on the server. When the receiver next accesses his or her email, the user agent on his or her client computer contacts the mail transfer agent on the mail server and asks for the contents of the user’s mailbox. The mail transfer agent sends the email message to the client computer, which the user reads with the user agent.

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